B Pharmacy 4th Semester Syllabus
| Subject | Units Covered | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology I |
Unit 1: General pharmacology – definition, history, sources, routes, agonists & antagonists, tolerance, dependence, pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion). Unit 2: Pharmacodynamics – receptor theory, dose-response, therapeutic index, drug interactions, ADRs, drug discovery, clinical evaluation, pharmacovigilance. Unit 3: Drugs acting on peripheral nervous system – ANS organization, neurotransmitters, parasympathomimetics & sympathomimetics, neuromuscular blockers, local anesthetics, myasthenia gravis & glaucoma drugs. Unit 4: CNS drugs – neurotransmitters (GABA, Glutamate, Dopamine, Serotonin), sedatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, anti-epileptics, alcohols, disulfiram. Unit 5: CNS drugs continued – Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, CNS stimulants, nootropics, opioid analgesics, addiction, tolerance & dependence. |
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| Pharmacognosy I |
Unit 1: Introduction, history, scope, sources of drugs, classification, quality control, quantitative microscopy. Unit 2: Cultivation, collection, processing, storage of natural drugs, factors influencing cultivation, plant hormones, conservation. Unit 3: Plant tissue culture – types, nutritional requirements, growth maintenance, edible vaccines, applications. Unit 4: Pharmacognosy in various medical systems, secondary metabolites – identification of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils, resins. Unit 5: Study of biological source, chemical nature, uses of drugs – plant products, primary metabolites, marine drugs, medicinal aids. |
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| Medicinal Chemistry I |
Unit 1: Introduction, physicochemical properties, drug metabolism (Phase I & II), factors affecting metabolism. Unit 2: Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system – adrenergic neurotransmitters, receptors, sympathomimetic agents (direct, indirect, mixed). Unit 3: Cholinergic neurotransmitters – biosynthesis, cholinergic receptors, parasympathomimetics, cholinesterase inhibitors, cholinergic blockers. Unit 4: CNS drugs – sedatives & hypnotics (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, miscellaneous), phenothiazines, anticonvulsants. Unit 5: CNS drugs continued – general anesthetics, inhalation & short-acting barbiturates, narcotic & non-narcotic analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents. |
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| Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III |
Unit 1: Stereo isomerism – optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, racemic mixtures, asymmetric synthesis. Unit 2: Geometrical isomerism – cis-trans, EZ, syn-anti systems, conformational isomerism, stereospecific & stereoselective reactions. Unit 3: Heterocyclic compounds – nomenclature, synthesis, reactions, medicinal uses (Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene). Unit 4: Synthesis, reactions & medicinal uses – Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, Thiazole, Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Acridine, Indole, Pyrimidine, Purine, Azepines. Unit 5: Reactions of synthetic importance – reductions (NaBH4, LiAlH4, Clemmensen, Birch, Wolff-Kishner), Oppenauer-oxidation, Dakin reaction, Beckmann & Schmidt rearrangements, Claisen-Schmidt condensation. |
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| Physical Pharmaceutics II |
Unit 1: Colloidal dispersions – classification, characteristics, optical, kinetic & electrical properties, electrolytes, coacervation, peptization. Unit 2: Rheology – Newtonian & non-Newtonian systems, viscosity measurement, plastic & elastic deformation, Heckel equation. Unit 3: Coarse dispersions – suspensions, emulsions, multiple emulsions, stability, preservation, HLB method. Unit 4: Micromeritics – particle size & distribution, surface area, permeability, adsorption, powder properties, porosity, packing, densities, flow. Unit 5: Drug stability – reaction kinetics, chemical degradation, factors affecting stability, stabilization methods, accelerated stability testing, photolytic degradation prevention. |
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| 📘 Complete 4th Semester Syllabus | All subjects (Pharmacology I, Pharmacognosy I, Medicinal Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III, Physical Pharmaceutics II) | Download |
